
Professor Jiang delivers a lecture reviewing historical events, starting with the Roman Republic and its transformation into a corrupt empire, leading to Constantine's establishment of the Byzantine Empire and the division into Western and Eastern Empires. The lecture covers the rise of the Catholic Church in the West, its spiritual dominance, and internal conflicts regarding the divine spark, which led to the Crusades and the Inquisition. The lecture also discusses Constantine's role in making Christianity the official religion, the debates over Christology and the Holy Trinity, and the emergence of Islam due to religious persecution and the desire for religious tolerance, concluding with the state of Western Europe leading up to the Reformation.
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