In this episode of Syntax, Wes and Scott delve into the intricacies of error handling in JavaScript, covering the terminology around throwing and catching errors, the components of an error object (name, message, stack trace), and the nuances of throwing errors versus handling them directly. They discuss strategies for dealing with errors in both synchronous and asynchronous code, as well as client-side versus server-side environments, including the importance of not exposing sensitive server error details to the client. The hosts also touch on tools and techniques like try-catch blocks, promises, error boundaries, HTTP response codes, and the use of Sentry for logging and fixing errors in production, emphasizing the significance of proper error handling for application stability and user experience.