This podcast interviews Noubar Afeyan, founder and CEO of Flagship Pioneering, a firm behind Moderna and other biotech companies. The discussion covers Afeyan's entrepreneurial journey, his "emergent innovation" approach to building startups (emphasizing variation, selection, and iteration over rigid planning), and the transformative potential of AI in drug development. Afeyan highlights Flagship's expansion beyond therapeutics into areas like nutrition and climate, while acknowledging the inherent uncertainties in pioneering new technologies and markets. He advocates for a more data-driven approach to drug development, potentially reducing the time and cost of bringing therapies to market, drawing parallels to Operation Warp Speed's success during the COVID-19 pandemic. The interview concludes with Afeyan's concept of "polyintelligence," integrating human, nature-derived, and machine intelligence for future innovation.