In this podcast episode, Teacher Josh shares 15 key vocabulary words and phrases that can help boost your TOEFL writing scores. He highlights the importance of using straightforward yet impactful language and sentence structures. Throughout the episode, he provides examples of how to effectively use words like "which," "while," "believes," "cast doubt on," "according to," and "critical" in the context of TOEFL essay tasks one and two. The main takeaway is that mastering simpler vocabulary is more beneficial than relying on complex words, as it allows you to craft well-structured and grammatically correct sentences, ultimately leading to better scores.