The echo of the bison (Encore)

The systematic destruction of bison herds in the 19th century caused a lasting economic depression for Indigenous nations in North America. Driven by a surge in European demand for hides and U.S. military intervention, the near-extinction of bison stripped these communities of their primary economic foundation, leading to measurable declines in physical health and nutrition. Economic research using historical height data reveals that this shock persists today, with bison-reliant nations currently experiencing incomes at least 25% lower than other Indigenous groups. While historical access to banking and credit provided some resilience, the loss of this vital resource created a long-term development gap. Efforts to restore bison herds, such as those on the Blackfeet Reservation, represent a significant step toward cultural and economic revitalization for these communities.