By the final years of his life, Marcus Aurelius had lost nearly everyone he loved, endured years of war, and watched the Antonine Plague devastate the empire. In today’s episode, Professor William O. Stephens joins Ryan to examine how Marcus faced the end of his life, why Meditations may have been his swan song, the loneliness of being emperor, and what kept him getting out of bed when he had every reason to give up.

👉 WATCH ON YOUTUBE | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QM3h-VhQPvY

William O. Stephens is a philosopher specializing in Stoicism, ethics, and ancient philosophy. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania and spent over 30 years teaching at Creighton University, where he is now Professor Emeritus. His work spans topics like friendship, ecology, and human nature, with a focus on Stoic thought. His latest book is Marcus Aurelius: Philosopher-King (2025), and he is also the author of Marcus Aurelius: A Guide for the Perplexed, Epictetus’s Encheiridion: A New Translation and Guide to Stoic Ethics, and Stoic Ethics: Epictetus and Happiness as Freedom.

Check out more of William Stephens’ work at https://WilliamOStephens.com/

📚 Grab a copy of Marcus Aurelius: Philosopher-King by William Stephens

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Inside the Final Years of Marcus Aurelius

The Daily Stoic

Inside the Final Years of Marcus Aurelius