Is every card shuffle unique?

Shuffling a standard 52-card deck creates a unique arrangement that has likely never existed before in human history. This phenomenon relies on the mathematical principle of factorials, where the number of possible permutations for 52 cards reaches an astronomical magnitude—specifically, 8 followed by 67 zeros. While the probability of two people shuffling a deck into the exact same sequence is technically not zero, it is so infinitesimally small that it remains effectively zero, even when accounting for billions of people shuffling cards every second for eons. Mathematician and YouTuber Matt Parker illustrates this by comparing such probabilities to human-scale tasks, emphasizing that once a probability reaches a certain threshold of complexity, it transcends the physical limitations of the universe, rendering the event impossible in any practical sense.