Long after acute infection has resolved, many survivors of severe COVID-19 experience persistent symptoms. Understanding the causes of long COVID and developing effective treatments pose a challenge for clinicians and researchers alike. In this episode of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) Podcast, host Kyle B. Enfield, MD, speaks with Matthew Baldwin, MD, MS, about his article published in the March 2026 issue of Critical Care Explorations that examines post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors over a three-year period.

One of the study’s most notable findings is that approximately one in four study patients, many of whom were middle-aged and previously healthy, continued to meet criteria for long COVID three years after infection. This finding emphasizes the burden of chronic illness caused by COVID-19 infection and the need to focus research and treatment efforts on this population of ALI/ARDS survivors.

Drs. Baldwin and Enfield discuss the relevance of inflammatory, thromboinflammatory, and endothelial biomarkers in understanding illness due to COVID-19. Surprisingly, the study found no association between long COVID symptoms and these biomarkers. Dr. Baldwin contextualizes this finding and encourages future studies to employ multiomics to better uncover the underlying mechanisms of these symptoms.

The discussion emphasizes the patient-centered approach of the study, which examines functional outcomes as well as biomarkers. Dr. Baldwin encourages clinicians to validate the experiences of severe COVID-19 survivors and guide them towards the next step in their recovery as researchers continue to look for better therapies.

Resources referenced in this episode:

Baldwin M, Jones AE, McGroder CF, et al. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 persist over three years in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors but are not associated with persistent thromboinflammation or endothelial dysfunction. Crit Care Explor. 2026;8(3):e1390.

Hodgson CL, Higgins AM, Bailey MJ, et al. Comparison of 6-month outcomes of survivors of COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 critical illness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(10):1159-1168.

Herridge MS, Tansey CM, Matté A, et al. Functional disability 5 years after acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(14):1293-1304.

National Institutes of Health RECOVER Initiative. RECOVER: Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery. https://recovercovid.org

Leisman DE, Mehta A, Thompson BT, et al. Alveolar, endothelial, and organ injury marker dynamics in severe COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(5):507-519.

Cervia-Hasler C, Brüningk SC, Hoch T, et al. Persistent complement dysregulation with signs of thromboinflammation in active long COVID. Science. 2024;383(6680). doi:10.1126/science.adg7942

Oelsner EC, Krishnaswamy A, Balte PP, et al. Collaborative cohort of cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R) Study: study design. Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(7):1153-1173.

SCCMPod-573 CCE: Long COVID After Critical Illness

SCCM Podcast

SCCMPod-573 CCE: Long COVID After Critical Illness