Elbow Fractures

Pediatric elbow fractures require a systematic approach to diagnosis and management, particularly in children aged two to seven. The elbow consists of three joints—radiocapitellar, ulnohumeral, and radioulnar—and clinicians must distinguish between normal ossification centers, identified by the CRITOE mnemonic, and actual fracture fragments. Supracondylar fractures represent the most common injury, often resulting from falls on an outstretched hand. These injuries demand careful neurovascular assessment, as they carry significant risks for brachial artery damage and nerve injury. Management hinges on accurate radiographic assessment, specifically a true 90-degree lateral view to evaluate alignment. While type 1 fractures often require simple splinting and follow-up, type 2 and 3 fractures necessitate immediate orthopedic consultation due to the risk of displacement and potential complications like Volkmann’s ischemic contracture. Other injuries, including radial neck and olecranon fractures, require similar vigilance and timely orthopedic involvement.