Why is it so hard to build big energy projects? The barriers that obstruct new infrastructure development, and how to get past them

Large-scale infrastructure development faces significant hurdles in developed nations, where complex permitting processes, policy instability, and resource constraints often delay projects and inflate costs. Achieving energy transition goals requires overcoming these barriers, as energy security is a prerequisite for systemic change. Integrated Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) models, exemplified by the successful delivery of numerous LNG trains, offer a blueprint for success by aligning design, supply chain, and construction phases. Craig Albert, President and COO of Bechtel, emphasizes that while nuclear projects like Plant Vogtle faced initial challenges, they provided critical lessons in re-sequencing and supply chain management. Furthermore, addressing the shortage of skilled craft professionals and restoring the dignity of trade careers are essential to meeting the rising electricity demands driven by AI and industrial growth. Streamlining regulatory frameworks and embracing automation remain vital for accelerating future infrastructure deployment.