In this episode of The 100 Year Thinkers, Robert Hagstrom explains why modern portfolio theory pulled investors away from business analysis and toward portfolio math.

We discuss Markowitz, beta, efficient markets, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, business-driven investing, owner earnings, benchmarks, and why thinking like a business owner changes how investors understand risk.

The Warren Buffett Portfolio, 25th Anniversary Edition
https://amzn.to/4uz8sZ3

Topics covered:

Why Hagstrom thinks modern portfolio theory changed investing’s objective
The difference between volatility, variance and real investment risk
How Benjamin Graham and John Burr Williams framed risk around intrinsic value
Why beta became the dominant shorthand for risk
How the 1973-74 bear market helped institutionalize modern portfolio theory
Why Berkshire preserved the business owner’s lens
The “cathedral and casino” distinction between owning businesses and trading stocks
Owner earnings, return on invested capital and cost of capital
Why business owners often make better long-term equity investors
Look-through earnings and building a “mini Berkshire”
The difference between making money and beating a benchmark
How benchmarks can distort investor behavior
Why knowing yourself and your clients matters in portfolio construction

Matt Zeigler and I had the privilege of hosting Robert Hagstrom for a special 100-Year Thinkers Edition of the Excess Returns Podcast.

Available now on Excess Returns Podcast and Talking Billions. 🎧

I’m excited to share this episode with you—it’s reposted here with permission and blessing from the Excess Returns team. Don’t miss it! And follow their work, links below.

https://www.excessreturns.co/

https://cultishcreative.com/

Podcast Program – Disclosure Statement

Blue Infinitas Capital, LLC is a registered investment adviser and the opinions expressed by the Firm’s employees and podcast guests on this show are their own and do not reflect the opinions of Blue Infinitas Capital, LLC. All statements and opinions expressed are based upon information considered reliable although it should not be relied upon as such. Any statements or opinions are subject to change without notice.

Information presented is for educational purposes only and does not intend to make an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of any specific securities, investments, or investment strategies. Investments involve risk and unless otherwise stated, are not guaranteed.

Information expressed does not take into account your specific situation or objectives, and is not intended as recommendations appropriate for any individual. Listeners are encouraged to seek advice from a qualified tax, legal, or investment adviser to determine whether any information presented may be suitable for their specific situation. Past performance is not indicative of future performance.

100 Year Thinkers, Ep. 8: The Problem with Modern Portfolio Theory | Robert Hagstrom on How Investing Lost Its Way

Talking Billions with Bogumil Baranowski

100 Year Thinkers, Ep. 8: The Problem with Modern Portfolio Theory | Robert Hagstrom on How Investing Lost Its Way