What if understanding the brain required thinking like a mechanical engineer?

In this episode of Neurocareers: Doing the Impossible, we explore an emerging field that is reshaping neuroscience—neuromechanics, where forces, stiffness, and material properties become key to understanding the brain and spinal cord.

🧭 From Engineering to Neuroscience

Professor Sylvia Budday and doctoral researcher Oscar Neumann share their unconventional journeys into neuroscience—from mechanical and civil engineering into one of the most interdisciplinary frontiers of brain research.

Oscar's path began in civil engineering, studying structures and materials, before transitioning into modeling spinal cord tissue. Sylvia's journey led her to apply continuum mechanics to the brain—revealing insights that traditional neuroscience alone could not explain.

Their stories highlight a powerful idea:
👉 Sometimes the biggest breakthroughs come from outside the field.

🧠 Understanding the Brain as a Mechanical System

At the core of neuromechanics is a fundamental question:
How do mechanical forces shape the nervous system?

Their work shows that the brain is not just biological—it is also:

Ultra-soft and highly dynamic
Viscoelastic (responds differently over time and conditions)
Sensitive to forces, pressure, and deformation

Key insights include:

Brain folding during development can arise from mechanical compression
Neural cells respond to stiffness gradients, guiding growth and regeneration
Gray and white matter behave differently depending on how they are tested

These discoveries challenge long-held assumptions and open new ways of understanding brain function and disease.

🧗 Challenges: Studying the Softest Tissue in the Body

Working with brain and spinal cord tissue presents unique challenges:

Extreme softness makes experiments difficult and highly variable
Results differ depending on measurement method, scale, and conditions
Translating findings from ex vivo to in vivo remains complex
Bridging language and knowledge across disciplines (engineering ↔ biology)

As Oscar describes, even measuring something as "simple" as stiffness becomes a complex scientific problem.

🔬 Bridging Scales: From Cells to Systems

One of the most exciting aspects of neuromechanics is its ability to connect multiple levels of the nervous system:

Cellular level: how neurons sense and respond to mechanical cues
Tissue level: how properties like stiffness influence structure
System level: how the brain deforms during surgery or injury

By combining experiments with computational models, their work aims to build digital twins of the brain—simulations that could transform research and clinical practice.

🚀 Applications & Future Directions

Neuromechanics is opening new possibilities across neuroscience and medicine:

Spinal cord injury & regeneration (e.g., stiffness-guided repair strategies)
Neurosurgery (accounting for brain deformation during procedures)
Brain development & disorders (e.g., epilepsy-related malformations)
Biomaterials design (e.g., hydrogels for tissue repair)

Looking ahead, the field is moving toward:

Integration of AI with physics-based models
Development of patient-specific brain simulations
Better in vivo measurement techniques

💡 Career Insights for Aspiring Neurotech Innovators

Sylvia and Oscar offer powerful advice for those entering the field:

Your original discipline is your strength—not a limitation
You don't need to know everything about neuroscience to start
Learn by collaborating across fields
Be ready to build a "shared language" with other disciplines
Curiosity and persistence matter more than a perfect background

👉 Interdisciplinary science is not about switching fields—it's about connecting them.

🌱 Closing Reflection

This episode reveals a profound shift in how we think about the brain.

What once seemed unlikely—using mechanical engineering to understand neural function—is now unlocking entirely new directions in neuroscience.

As this field grows, one thing becomes clear:
The future of neuroscience belongs to those who can think across boundaries.

Chapters

00:00:02 - Neuromechanics: Engineering the Brain and Spinal Cord

00:03:33 - Interdisciplinary Approach to Brain Biomechanics Research

00:06:33 - From Civil Engineering to Biomechanics Research

00:10:25 - Defining Neuromechanics: Mechanics in Brain Development

00:14:15 - History of Mechanics in Brain Research

00:16:03 - Applications of Neuromechanics in Regeneration

00:20:58 - Brain Tissue Mechanics: Stiffness and Measurement Methods

00:28:17 - Lab Protocols and Experimental Discrepancies in Tissue Testing

00:31:46 - Experimental Variability in Neural Tissue Mechanics

00:35:13 - From Ex Vivo to In Vivo Brain Testing

00:39:43 - AI and Hybrid Models in Biomechanics Research

00:45:22 - Mechanical Engineering Skills for Neuromechanics

00:51:47 - Learning Neuroscience Through Interdisciplinary Collaboration

00:55:36 - Mechanical Engineering Insights in Brain Tissue

01:00:55 - Mechanics in Brain Surgery and Research

01:04:34 - Balancing Career and Parenthood in Academia

01:06:50 - Thank You and Neurocareer Resources Available

About the Podcast Guests

Professor Sylvia Budday

Professor Sylvia Budday is a Professor of Continuum Mechanics and Biomechanics at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg (FAU), Germany. Her research focuses on understanding the brain and spinal cord through the lens of mechanics—exploring how physical forces influence development, function, and disease.

She leads the Brainiacs research group and is a key contributor to the Collaborative Research Center "Exploring Brain Mechanics (CRC 1540)", where interdisciplinary teams work at the intersection of engineering, neuroscience, and medicine.

🔗 Learn more:

Lab website: https://www.lkm.tf.fau.eu/
Research Center (Exploring Brain Mechanics): https://www.crc1540-ebm.research.fau.eu/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/silvia-budday/
Brainiacs Lab: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brainiacs-lab/

Oskar Neumann

Oskar Neumann is a doctoral researcher in neuromechanics at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg (FAU). With a background in civil and mechanical engineering, his work focuses on the mechanical characterization and computational modeling of spinal cord tissue.

His research explores how mechanical properties—such as stiffness and loading conditions—affect spinal cord injury and regeneration, contributing to the development of more realistic models and potential therapeutic strategies.

🔗 Learn more:

Lab website: https://www.lkm.tf.fau.eu/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/oskar-neumann-a1209b175/

🌐 Additional Resources

Collaborative Research Center LinkedIn:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/exploring-brain-mechanics-collaborative-research-center/?viewAsMember=true

About the Podcast Host

The Neurocareers podcast is brought to you by The Institute of Neuroapproaches (https://www.neuroapproaches.org/) and its founder, Milena Korostenskaja, Ph.D. (Dr. K), a career coach for people in neuroscience and neurotechnologies. As a professional coach with a background in neurotech and Brain-Computer Interfaces, Dr. K understands the unique challenges and opportunities job applicants face in this field and can provide personalized coaching and support to help you succeed.

Here's what you'll get with one-on-one coaching sessions from Dr. K:

Identification and pursuit of career goals
Guidance on job search strategies, resume, and cover letter development
Neurotech / neuroscience job interview preparation and practice
Networking strategies to connect with professionals in the field of neuroscience and neurotechnologies
Ongoing support and guidance to help you stay on track and achieve your goals

You can always schedule a neurocareer consultation/coaching session with Dr. K at https://neuroapproaches.as.me/neurocareer-consultation

Subscribe to our Nerocareers Newsletter to stay on top of all our cool neurocareers news at updates https://www.neuroapproaches.org/neurocareers-news

Neuromechanics: Engineering the Brain with Prof. Sylvia Budday & Oscar Neumann

Neurocareers: Doing the Impossible!

Neuromechanics: Engineering the Brain with Prof. Sylvia Budday & Oscar Neumann