CS50 Fall 2025 - Lecture 7 - SQL (live, unedited)

In this CS50 lecture, the speaker introduces SQL (Structured Query Language) as a declarative programming language, contrasting it with procedural languages like C and Python. The session involves collecting real-world data via a Google Form to demonstrate SQL's capabilities. The speaker explains how to download and import CSV data into SQLite, perform CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete), and optimize queries using indexes. The lecture also covers data modeling, relationships in databases (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many), and potential security vulnerabilities like SQL injection attacks, emphasizing the importance of sanitizing user inputs and using parameterized queries to prevent malicious code execution. The concept of race conditions and transactions are introduced as well.