Robots need to be able to apply pressure and make contact with objects as needed in order to accomplish their tasks. From compliance to working safely around humans to whole-body manipulation of heavy objects, combining force and position control can dramatically expand the capabilities of robots. This is especially true for legged robots, which have so much ability to exert forces on the world around them. But how do we train robots which can do this?

Baoxiong Jia tells us more in our discussion of his team’s recent, Best Paper Award winning work on learning a unified policy for position and force control, called UniFP.

To learn more, watch Episode #49 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho and Chris Paxton.

Abstract:

Robotic loco-manipulation tasks often involve contact-rich interactions with the environment, requiring the joint modeling of contact force and robot position. However, recent visuomotor policies often focus solely on learning position or force control, overlooking their co-learning. In this work, we propose the first unified policy for legged robots that jointly models force and position control learned without reliance on force sensors. By simulating diverse combinations of position and force commands alongside external disturbance forces, we use reinforcement learning to learn a policy that estimates forces from historical robot states and compensates for them through position and velocity adjustments. This policy enables a wide range of manipulation behaviors under varying force and position inputs, including position tracking, force application, force tracking, and compliant interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the learned policy enhances trajectory-based imitation learning pipelines by incorporating essential contact information through its force estimation module, achieving approximately 39.5% higher success rates across four challenging contact-rich manipulation tasks compared to position-control policies. Extensive experiments on both a quadrupedal manipulator and a humanoid robot validate the versatility and robustness of the proposed policy across diverse scenarios.

Project Page: https://unified-force.github.io/

ArXiV: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.20829

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Ep#49: Learning a Unified Policy for Position and Force Control in Legged Loco-Manipulation

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Ep#49: Learning a Unified Policy for Position and Force Control in Legged Loco-Manipulation