Artificial Intelligence – Jan 14, 2025

1 - Large Language Models 2024 Year in Review and 2025 Trends

Cami Rosso, Psychology Today. Jan 1, 2025.

A look back at large language model milestones and a sneak peek at the year ahead.

Exploring uses for artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning is de rigueur, and large language models (large language models) are having their moment in the spotlight. Last year, large language models were used in a variety of research studies to unravel complexities in psychology, neuroscience, and many other fields.

Evaluating large language model transformers using principles drawn from human cognition and psychology will be a growth area this year. Researchers have just scratched the surface in evaluating artificial intelligence large language models using what scientists know from psychology and human behavior. For example, last year an AI study examined the rationality of large language models using cognitive psychology from a series of tasks designed to spot human heuristics and biases.

Understanding exactly how the human brain processes speech and language can accelerate advancements in a wide variety of real-world uses, such as brain-computer interfaces, AI machine learning, robotics, neurotechnology, child development, talk therapy, speech synthesizers, natural language processing, assistive technology for the disabled, commercial chatbots, voice-recognition products, machine translation, autonomous vehicles, psychology, psychiatry, medical diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and health care.

In 2025, expect more exploration of conversational AI in the fields of human speech and language. Last year inroads were made using large language models to shed light on the biological brain. For example, a 2024 PNAS study by Goldin-Meadow and others used an large language model created by Google called BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) to determine the timing of the pediatric milestone of linguistic productivity, the ability to produce novel language versus mimicking speech. This discovery has the potential to help clinicians in child development, speech therapy, and artificial intelligence development.

Another trend to watch in 2025 is the use of large language models to identify patterns from reams of complex biological data captured by established brain activity imaging and recording technologies. Expect an increase of research studies using large language models and neural activity data overall. The largest increase is expected in studies that use neural data recorded through noninvasive methods by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), or even via a temporary digital electronic tattoo (e-tattoo) printed directly on the scalp as demonstrated in 2024.

Another 2024 study published in Nature Machine Intelligence compared a variety of large language models and actual human brain activity recordings to discover that large language models and human brains are converging. Namely, the study showed that the large language models studied showed hierarchical processing similar to the regions of the biological brain responsible for sound and language processing.

An emerging trend in the position to expand in 2025 is the evaluation of the predictive capabilities of large language models versus human experts in neuroscience. Last year, an AI milestone was established with the demonstration that the predictive capabilities of large language models outperformed human neuroscience experts in determining neuroscience outcomes in the landmark study published in Nature Human Behaviour.

Also in 2024, OpenAI’s large language model GPT-4 was put to the test vis-à-vis human neuroradiologists in a study published in European Radiology in the task of diagnosing real-world clinical MRI reports of brain tumor cases. The scientists found that the performance of GPT-4 could serve as a neuroradiology advisory tool

Episode 3814 - Jan 15 - Tiếng Anh - Trí tuệ nhân tạo – Ngày 14 tháng 1, 2025 - Vina Technology at AI time

Vina Technology at AI time - Công nghệ Việt Nam thời AI

Episode 3814 - Jan 15 - Tiếng Anh - Trí tuệ nhân tạo – Ngày 14 tháng 1, 2025 - Vina Technology at AI time