Nobel Physics Prize Awarded for Pioneering A.I. Research by 2 Scientists

With work on machine learning that uses artificial neural networks, John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton “showed a completely new way for us to use computers,” the committee said.

Oct. 8, 2024, The New York Times

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John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton received the Nobel Prize in Physics on Tuesday for discoveries that helped computers learn more in the way the human brain does, providing the building blocks for developments in artificial intelligence.

The award is an acknowledgment of A.I.’s growing significance in the way people live and work. With their ability to make sense of vast amounts of data, artificial neural networks already have a major role in scientific research, the Nobel committee said, including in physics, where it is used to design new materials, crunch large amounts of data from particle accelerators and help survey the universe.

The machine learning breakthroughs of Dr. Hopfield and Dr. Hinton “have showed a completely new way for us to use computers to aid and to guide us to tackle many of the challenges our society face,” the Nobel committee said.

Neural networks — systems that learn skills by analyzing data and are named after the web of neurons in the human brain — are a part of everyday internet services, including search engines like Google, talking digital assistants like Apple’s Siri and chatbots like OpenAI ChatGPT. These services are rooted in mathematics and computer science, not physics.

But research by Dr. Hopfield and Dr. Hinton in the late 1970s and early 1980s helped influence the development of the digital neural networks that have become part of the fabric of the modern internet.

外刊精读209：诺贝尔物理学奖为什么颁给人工智能教父？(选自纽约时报)

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外刊精读209：诺贝尔物理学奖为什么颁给人工智能教父？(选自纽约时报)