This podcast episode explores the translation of J.W.F. Höfling's book on how the Lutheran Church is constituted. The guest, Michael Holmen, shares his personal connection to the topic and discusses Höfling's life and significant contribution to liturgics and baptism. The episode delves into the controversial views of Rev. Charles J. Hefling on the office of the ministry, the differences between Hefling and Rev. Walther, and their interpretations of Luther's writings. The historical and political context of the time, including the democratic revolts of 1848, the breakdown of the traditional synthesis between church and state, and the influence of the Oxford movement, provides a backdrop for the discussion on church governance. The importance of understanding the historical component of Lutheran history, the mid-1800s as a time of crisis and conflict, and the ongoing relevance of the issues discussed are also explored. Overall, this episode sheds light on the principles of the Lutheran Church, the benefits of translating Hefling's book, the responses to his work, and his influence in both America and Europe.