Since the mid-twentieth century, it has been routine for scholars to see John as independent of the Synoptics – Matthew, Mark and Luke. Yet a recent book by Professor Mark Goodacre suggests that John should be read as the fourth and final 'Synoptic' gospel which knew and used all of the Synoptics. Join Helen and Lloyd in the Biblical Time Machine as they explore Goodacre's case. Learn about John's dramatic transformation of the Synoptics, the way his Gospel 'presupposes' the earlier texts, and the payoff of Goodacre's argument for John's authorship and date.

Mark S. Goodacre is Professor of New Testament and Christian Origins in the Religious Studies Department at Duke University, North Carolina. He is the author of the classic volumes: The Case Against Q (2002) and Thomas and the Gospels (2012). His most recent book, fresh off the press, is The Fourth Synoptic Gospel: John's Knowledge of Matthew, Mark and Luke (Eerdmans, 2025),

For more from Goodacre, check out his previous appearance on the Biblical Time Machine on SBL's Bible Odyssey and his own incredible NT Pod.

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Theme music written and performed by Dave Roos, creator of Biblical Time Machine. Season 4 produced by John Nelson.

John – The Fourth Synoptic Gospel?

Biblical Time Machine