Bonus: War and climate

The climate cost of war is examined, focusing on both wartime activities and peacetime military operations. The carbon footprint of the Gaza war is estimated at 33.2 million tons of CO2, equivalent to the annual emissions of a small country like Jordan, while the Russia-Ukraine war has emitted approximately 237 million tons of CO2. Nita Crawford and Benjamin Neimark highlight the US military's significant global footprint with its numerous overseas bases and advanced weaponry, such as the F-35, contributing to substantial emissions. Military emissions are around 5% of global emissions, larger than many countries combined, but are often underreported due to national security concerns and exemptions from international climate agreements.