College has always sold two products at once, even if we only talk about one. The first is shaping. You learn, you practice, you get feedback, you improve, and you leave more capable than when you arrived.

The second is sorting. You proved you can survive a long system, hit deadlines, work with others, navigate bureaucracy, and keep going when it gets tedious. Employers used the degree as a shortcut for both.

AI puts pressure on each product in a different way. Agents make “shaping” cheaper and faster outside school. A motivated person can learn, build, and iterate at a pace that no syllabus can match. At the same time, agents flood the world with output. When everyone can generate a report, a slide deck, a prototype, or a legal draft in hours, output stops signaling competence. That makes sorting feel more valuable, not less, because organizations still need a defensible way to pick humans for roles that carry responsibility.

So college faces a quiet identity crisis. If the shaping part no longer differentiates students, and the sorting part becomes the main value, the degree shifts from education to gatekeeping. People already worry that college costs too much for what it teaches. AI adds a sharper edge to that worry. If the most important skill becomes judgment, responsibility, and the ability to direct and verify agent work, then the question becomes whether college can shape that, or whether it only sorts for people who can endure the system.

The Conundrum:

In an agent-driven economy, does college become more valuable because sorting is the scarce function, a trusted filter for who gets access to opportunity and decision rights when output is cheap and abundant, or does college become less valuable because shaping is the scarce function, and the market stops paying for filters that do not reliably produce better judgment, better accountability, and better real-world performance? If AI keeps compressing skill-building outside institutions, should a degree be treated as proof of capability, or as proof you fit the system, even if that proves the wrong thing.

The Sorting or Shaping Conundrum

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