This Huberman Lab podcast episode features an interview with Dr. Jack Feldman, a leading expert in respiratory neuroscience, focusing on the brain's control of breathing patterns. The discussion covers the pre-Bötzinger complex and retrotrapezoid nucleus, two key brainstem regions controlling inhalation and exhalation, and their roles in health, performance, and disease. Dr. Feldman explains how sighing maintains lung health and how specific breathing techniques can influence emotional and cognitive states, citing research on mice exhibiting reduced fear responses after slow breathing training. Listeners gain insights into the science of breathing and practical breathwork protocols for improved focus, stress reduction, and overall well-being. The interview also touches upon the role of magnesium threonate in enhancing cognitive function.