34. The Sick Man of Europe

In this episode of the "Empire" podcast, the focus is on Sultan Abdul Hamid II's reign from 1876 to 1909, exploring the geopolitical challenges he encountered and how he responded. The episode opens with an insight into Abdul Hamid's intricate personality, highlighting his early attempts at Western reforms before he shifted toward authoritarianism and emphasized Islamic authority. Historian Eugene Rogan sets the stage by discussing the Ottoman Empire's declining power, marked by significant events like the loss of Crimea and the rise of nationalism in the Balkans. The conversation then delves into Abdul Hamid's oppressive measures, the emergence of the Young Turk movement, and the 1908 revolution that ultimately brought his reign to an end. Listeners will come away with a deeper appreciation for this complex figure and the various adversities the late Ottoman Empire faced.