Catatonia: Diagnosis and Treatment

Catatonia, a motor syndrome with increased frenetic motor activity or catatonic stupor, is explored with Dr. Michael Cummings, who describes its history and presentation. The discussion covers the subtle signs of catatonia, such as increased speech latency, echolalia, and echopraxia, which can progress to mutism and immobility. Catatonia is identified as a secondary phenomenon linked to psychiatric, neurological, or metabolic disturbances, requiring treatment of the underlying illness. The speakers highlight the importance of differential diagnosis, especially distinguishing catatonia from neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome, and delirium. Benzodiazepine challenge and electroconvulsive therapy are presented as effective treatments, with emphasis on aggressive management and careful monitoring for relapse.