This podcast episode explores the multifaceted nature of language evolution, examining the cognitive, social, linguistic, and cultural forces that drive change in languages over time. The speakers discuss the tension between simplicity and complexity in language evolution, how language complexity is influenced by factors such as speaker population size and communicative needs, and how language can both simplify and become more complex over time through language contact. They also delve into the origins and functions of filled pauses, such as "um" and "uh," exploring their cognitive benefits and the social stigma associated with their use. Additionally, they discuss the role of turn-transition cues, such as eye contact and verbal cues, in managing conversation flow and explore the sociolinguistics of language use, examining factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, and social status, and how they influence linguistic tendencies. They conclude by exploring the current trends in language evolution, including the increasing informality of language use and the influence of social media and culture on language change.
