This podcast episode reveals the alarming frequency of close calls in the aviation system, specifically the occurrence of near collisions between planes. The investigation conducted by The New York Times uncovers a significant number of close calls that were not publicly reported, raising concerns about the safety of air travel. The podcast emphasizes the need for comprehensive reporting and analysis of close calls to accurately assess the safety of air travel. The shortage of air traffic controllers and the lack of awareness about these close calls are highlighted as challenges in ensuring air safety. The chapter also discusses the strains on the aviation safety system, including the shortage of experienced pilots and outdated technology, and emphasizes the importance of addressing these issues. The urgency to take action and prevent potential disasters is stressed, as close calls serve as a wake-up call to the risks faced by the aviation industry.