Executive Summary

Over the past year, the Google DeepMind mechanistic interpretability team has pivoted to a pragmatic approach to interpretability, as detailed in our accompanying post [[1]] , and are excited for more in the field to embrace pragmatism! In brief, we think that:
- It is crucial to have empirical feedback on your ultimate goal with good proxy tasks [[2]] .
- We do not need near-complete understanding to have significant impact.
- We can perform good focused projects by starting with a theory of change, and good exploratory projects by starting with a robustly useful setting
But that's pretty abstract. So how can interpretability help AGI go well? A few theories of change stand out to us:
- Science of Misalignment: If a model takes a harmful action, we want to be able to rigorously determine whether it was “scheming” or just “confused” [[3]]
- Empowering Other Areas Of Safety: Interpretability is not a silver bullet that will solve safety by itself, but can significantly help other areas by unblocking things or addressing weak points where appropriate, e.g. suppressing eval awareness, or interpreting what safety techniques taught a model.

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Outline:

(00:11) Executive Summary

(02:57) Theories Of Change

(04:25) Science Of Misalignment

(06:59) Empowering Other Areas Of AGI Safety

(07:17) Evaluation Awareness

(07:53) Better Feedback On Safety Research

(08:11) Conceptual Progress On Model Psychology

(08:44) Maintaining Monitorability Of Chain Of Thought

(09:20) Preventing Egregiously Misaligned Actions

(11:20) Directly Helping Align Models

(13:30) Research Areas Directed Towards Theories Of Change

(13:53) Model Biology

(15:48) Helping Direct Model Training

(15:55) Monitoring

(17:10) Research Areas About Robustly Useful Settings

(18:00) Reasoning Model Interpretability

(22:42) Automating Interpretability

(23:51) Basic Science Of AI Psychology

(24:08) Finding Good Proxy Tasks

(25:05) Discovering Unusual Behaviours

(26:12) Data-Centric Interpretability

(27:16) Model Diffing

(28:05) Applied Interpretability

(29:01) Appendix: Motivating Example For Why Reasoning Model Interp Breaks Standard Techniques {#appendix:-motivating-example-for-why-reasoning-model-interp-breaks-standard-techniques}

The original text contained 16 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.

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First published:
December 1st, 2025

Source:
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/MnkeepcGirnJn736j/how-can-interpretability-researchers-help-agi-go-well

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Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO.

“How Can Interpretability Researchers Help AGI Go Well?” by Neel Nanda

LessWrong (30+ Karma)