Jian Lian on China's Industrial Policy and Global Strategy – #99

In this episode of Manifold, Steve Hsu interviews John Lian, a policy analyst from Beijing, about the Chinese development model and the competition between the U.S. and China. Lian discusses his early life and education, including his experience with the Chinese university entrance examination and his initial interest in biology before transitioning to economics. The conversation explores the emergence of the "China School" and the "Industrial Party," two intellectual movements that have influenced Chinese policy. Lian explains how these movements, originating from online forums, have shaped government policies, particularly in the semiconductor and electric vehicle industries. He also addresses the role of U.S. sanctions in driving China's self-reliance in key supply chains and the shift from prioritizing internet platforms to supporting hard tech industries. The discussion touches on the Made in China 2025 plan, the importance of state grid infrastructure, and predictions about future economic and technological developments in China, including the potential for China to develop new technological areas and its focus on the Global South.