This podcast episode explores the concept of Signals, a synchronization tool used in UI frameworks. Signals are retained mode, where the state is set up and persists, ensuring consistency in the display of state. Compared to observables, signals adopt a notification-based approach and minimize the risk of multiple hits due to changes. While VDOM is a virtual representation of the DOM that efficiently updates the DOM, signals allow for granular updates of specific parts of the DOM. Template cloning is discussed as a technique for efficient element creation and reactivity, with JSX evolving to support both client and server-side usage. Reactive programming in JavaScript has consolidated on a common language perspective with concepts like reactive atom state, side effects, and derived state becoming prevalent. Signals and Observables have distinct roles in reactive programming, with signals suitable for coordinating interactions and observables for scenarios involving operators and utility functions.