Is RFK Jr right about China's diabetes rate?

The podcast "More or Less" with Tim Harford investigates claims made by US Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. regarding diabetes statistics. Harford challenges Kennedy's assertions that juvenile diabetes was once rare and that 50% of China's population is now diabetic. Professor Dianna Magliano, a diabetes epidemiologist, clarifies that while diabetes prevalence has increased significantly in China (from under 1% to nearly 12%), Kennedy's 50% figure is incorrect, with the highest national prevalence being around 31% in Pakistan. The discussion also covers the two main types of diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2), the role of lifestyle factors and genetics, and the alarming rise of pre-diabetes in American children, while noting a stabilization of new Type 2 diabetes cases in some high-income countries.