How refrigeration took over the world

In this episode of Planet Money, hosts Nick Fountain and Alexi Horowitz-Ghazi explore the history and impact of refrigeration on society. They are guided by Nicola Twilley, a food journalist and author, who provides insights into how refrigeration, particularly the development of the "cold chain," has transformed food production, distribution, and consumption. The episode delves into the innovations of Gustavus Swift in meatpacking and refrigerated train cars, as well as the work of M.E. Pennington in ensuring food safety and public trust in refrigeration. The discussion covers the ripple effects of refrigeration, including changes in food taste, waste patterns, energy consumption, and even historical events like Irish independence, while also acknowledging the trade-offs and unintended consequences of this technology.