This podcast episode delves into the complex issue of declining birth rates and the various policy measures implemented by different countries to address this challenge. The discussion covers Singapore's generous incentives to encourage more babies, Sweden's extensive parental benefits and efforts towards gender equality, and South Korea's comprehensive parental support policies that face cultural barriers. It also examines the economic motivations behind pro-natalist policies in Estonia and Canada, highlighting the positive impact of affordable childcare systems on women's workforce participation and economic growth. By exploring these diverse approaches, the podcast sheds light on both the challenges and potential solutions to the demographic problems faced by many countries.