In this interview, Dwarkesh engages with Arthur Kroeber, a China economy expert, to discuss the implications of China's economic growth and its impact on the global order. They explore whether China's economic model is sustainable and fair, and the potential political consequences of China becoming as wealthy as the United States. The conversation covers the legitimacy of China's political system, the trade surplus issue, and the potential for great power competition. They also discuss the possibility of a grand bargain between the rest of the world and China, focusing on AI and manufacturing. They further examine China's industrial policies, its debt problems, and the importance of domestic demand. The conversation touches on the role of technology, the need for communication and understanding, and the challenges of managing the relationship between the U.S. and China.