In this episode of Stuff You Should Know, Josh and Chuck delve into the history and evolution of paganism, distinguishing between ancient and modern practices. They explore core elements of ancient paganism, such as animism, shamanism, ancestor worship, and polytheism, while also addressing the misconceptions and demonization of pagan beliefs by early Christianity. The discussion transitions to modern paganism, highlighting key figures like Gerald Gardner and movements like Wicca, Heathenry, Druidry, and Neopaganism, noting the influence of historical research, the arts, and the complexities within these diverse spiritual paths. The episode concludes with a listener mail segment about a unique popcorn cooking tip.