Interview with
Mark Chalmers, President & CEO of Energy Fuels Inc.
Marty Tunney, COO of IsoEnergy Ltd.

Recording date: 30th May 2025

The uranium sector stands at a critical inflection point where mounting supply constraints intersect with unprecedented political support and surging nuclear demand, creating compelling conditions for sustained price appreciation and outsized returns for positioned investors.

*Supply-Demand Fundamentals Favor Higher Prices*
A fundamental supply shortage looms as existing high-grade uranium deposits deplete while replacement projects face significantly higher development costs. Energy Fuels CEO Mark Chalmers warns that future supply sources remain uncertain: "I don't know where it's going to come looking out five or 10 years because some of the best deposits are being mined right now and they're depleting themselves." The replacement cost dynamics are stark—new uranium production must cover exploration, permitting, infrastructure development, mining, and reclamation costs at price levels far exceeding historical norms.

Current spot prices around $60-70 per pound remain well below the $100+ incentive pricing required to trigger meaningful new production. This creates a supply response lag that could persist for years even after prices reach incentive levels, given the extended timelines required for uranium project development and regulatory approval.

*Political Tailwinds Accelerate Market Dynamics*
Uranium benefits from rare bipartisan political support driven by energy security and decarbonization imperatives. Recent executive orders from the Trump administration targeting critical mineral supply chains reinforce government commitment to domestic uranium production. As Chalmers notes: "The ongoing support by both parties actually for nuclear power and reestablishing our ability to mine and produce nuclear power, including small modular reactors is gaining momentum."

The Russian uranium ban, formally taking effect in 2028, will remove a significant supply source from Western markets. Industry leaders expect accelerated implementation due to geopolitical tensions, compressing the timeline for supply shortfalls. Simultaneously, China's aggressive nuclear expansion creates additional demand pressure, with the capability to construct reactors in 18 months versus multi-year Western timelines.

Established Producers Positioned to Benefit
Market dynamics increasingly favor proven producers over development-stage companies. Many newer uranium companies have overcommitted on delivery contracts while struggling with operational challenges. Infrastructure advantages amplify competitive positioning. Energy Fuels' White Mesa Mill serves as the primary conventional uranium processing facility in the United States, creating a strategic bottleneck that generates high-margin toll processing revenue.

Companies without processing access face limited options, as IsoEnergy's Marty Tunny explains: "If you don't have access to the White Mesa Mill and you're a conventional hard rock miner in the USA, you don't have anywhere in the next 5 to seven years to process your ore."

*Technical Advantages Emerge*
Recent operational challenges at in-situ recovery operations highlight advantages of conventional hard rock mining methods. Conventional mining offers greater operational control, cost predictability, and flexibility compared to ISR techniques. This technical differentiation becomes increasingly valuable as the industry recognizes that uranium mining complexity exceeds that of other commodities.

*Investment Implications*
The uranium investment thesis centers on classic supply-demand imbalance amplified by geopolitical factors and infrastructure constraints. Companies with existing production capabilities, processing facilities, and proven operational track records appear positioned to benefit disproportionately from emerging market dynamics. The combination of political support, supply constraints, and rising demand creates conditions for sustained higher uranium prices, particularly benefiting North American producers with strategic infrastructure assets and established utility relationships.

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