This episode explores the science behind self-talk and strategies for transforming negative internal monologues into positive and motivating dialogues. Mel Robbins interviews Dr. Ethan Kross, a neuroscientist, who explains that self-talk serves four key functions: memory aid, simulation and planning, self-control and motivation, and making sense of the world. Against the backdrop of understanding the utility of self-talk, the discussion pivots to the problem of negative self-talk, or "chatter," which manifests as rumination, worry, and self-beratement. Dr. Kross introduces tools to manage chatter, including distanced self-talk, rituals, and manipulating one's environment to create order. More significantly, the conversation covers techniques such as mental time travel, sensory experiences, and building a "chatter advisor" network to provide support. The episode concludes with actionable advice on providing invisible support to others struggling with negative self-talk, emphasizing the importance of empathy and offering tools without undermining their sense of capability, reflecting emerging patterns in emotional fitness and self-management.