This episode explores the deceleration of scientific and technological progress since the 1960s, contrasting it with the rapid advancements of previous eras. Peter Thiel argues that progress has slowed significantly in the "world of atoms" (physical sciences and engineering), while the "world of bits" (digital technologies) continues to advance. Against this backdrop, Dr. Jordan Peterson probes Thiel's skepticism, questioning the methods of quantifying progress and the reasons behind the perceived stagnation. More significantly, the conversation delves into the cultural shifts that may have contributed to this slowdown, including the rise of apocalyptic fears surrounding technology and a turn towards inward-focused pursuits. For instance, Thiel cites the Apollo moon landing and the Woodstock festival as symbolic of a shift from outward exploration to inward introspection. The discussion further examines the role of Christianity in the scientific revolution and the potential influence of mimetic desire and status games in shaping societal priorities. Ultimately, the episode highlights the complex interplay between technological advancement, cultural values, and the inherent risks and uncertainties of progress, leaving the audience to contemplate the future trajectory of innovation.