This episode explores the unique engineering culture at Amazon, contrasting it with other large tech companies. Against the backdrop of a discussion about Amazon's engineering level structure (L4-L10), the interview delves into the rigorous interview process, including the role of the "Bar Raiser" in ensuring high hiring standards. More significantly, the conversation highlights Amazon's approach to incident management and on-call responsibilities, emphasizing a culture of ownership and immediate problem-solving, where even high-level executives participate in resolving critical outages. For instance, the guest recounts an instance where a senior director actively participated in resolving a payment system outage, showcasing Amazon's commitment to operational excellence. The discussion also touches upon Amazon's reputation for frugality and its performance management system, which includes a target for "unregulated attrition," leading to performance improvement plans (PIPs) for underperforming employees. Ultimately, the interview reveals that while Amazon's approach can be demanding, it fosters valuable skills in engineers, making them highly sought-after by other companies, including startups. This suggests that Amazon's unique culture, despite its challenges, cultivates a highly capable and adaptable workforce.