This episode explores the multifaceted challenges and future prospects of the commercial aviation industry, particularly concerning decarbonization and the impact of geopolitical fragmentation. Against the backdrop of an Airbus summit focused on decarbonizing aviation, the hosts discuss the increasing global fragmentation and its implications for international collaboration on sustainability initiatives. More significantly, the conversation pivots to the impact of this fragmentation on the aviation duopoly between Boeing and Airbus, highlighting the reduced emphasis on current aircraft models and the increased focus on long-term technological advancements. For instance, the discussion details Airbus's "Next Generation Single Aisle" program and Boeing's collaboration with NASA on the X-66, both aiming for significant aerodynamic improvements. The hosts also analyze the crucial role of Poland in the geopolitical landscape, emphasizing its potential influence on future aircraft purchases and its strategic importance for both Airbus and Embraer. Finally, the episode concludes with an assessment of Boeing's recovery efforts, focusing on its attempts to improve its supply chain relationships and address long-standing cultural issues impacting its production efficiency. What this means for the future of aviation is a shift towards a more regionally focused industry, with technological advancements and geopolitical considerations playing increasingly significant roles.