This episode explores the advancements in pharmaceutical research and development at GSK, as discussed by its CEO, Emma Walmsley, in an interview with Nicolai Tangen. Against the backdrop of GSK's significant investment in R&D, Walmsley highlights exciting developments in oncology, infectious diseases, and respiratory immunology, including new technology platforms like antibody-drug conjugates and oligonucleotides. More significantly, the conversation delves into the transformative role of AI and machine learning in accelerating drug discovery, reducing costs, and improving the precision of clinical trials. For instance, Walmsley cites examples of how AI is used to predict outcomes, target specific patient cohorts, and accelerate vaccine development. As the discussion pivots to the broader industry landscape, Walmsley emphasizes the importance of responsible regulation, the growing contributions from China and India, and the ongoing challenges of balancing drug pricing with accessibility. Finally, the interview concludes with reflections on leadership, cultural change within GSK, and the importance of purpose-driven work, highlighting the need for resilience and a focus on both financial success and social impact. This underscores emerging industry patterns reflecting a shift towards data-driven innovation and a renewed emphasis on ethical considerations in pharmaceutical development.