During this week’s Metabolic Classroom lecture, Ben explores the metabolic power of cold therapy, explaining how brief, controlled exposure to cold can significantly enhance metabolic function.

He starts with a deep dive into brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is rich in mitochondria and burns calories to generate heat. Cold exposure activates BAT through norepinephrine, leading to mitochondrial uncoupling and energy expenditure without producing ATP. Interestingly, even white fat can be transformed into metabolically active “beige” fat, increasing thermogenesis.

Dr. Bikman then moves into how shivering muscle activity contributes to thermogenesis. Unlike BAT, muscle contraction generates heat while performing work. Shivering triggers glucose uptake, improves insulin sensitivity, and releases irisin, a hormone that stimulates thermogenic activity in fat tissue. He also discusses AMPK activation, which plays a key role in facilitating this glucose-burning process.

The lecture then highlights a series of hormones influenced by cold, including FGF21 and adiponectin, which boost fat oxidation, enhance insulin sensitivity, and promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Ben reflects on the broader role of the autonomic nervous system, emphasizing how cold therapy improves both sympathetic and parasympathetic function, promoting nervous system flexibility and resilience.

Dr. Bikman wraps up by comparing cold exposure methods—from face immersion and cold showers to cryotherapy and full-body ice baths. He strongly endorses full-body cold water immersion as the most effective strategy, especially when shivering occurs post-immersion. His personal recommendation is the Morozko Forge ice bath (he has no vested interest in this company), citing its sustained metabolic impact and practical benefit. He closes by urging viewers to consider cold therapy as a scientifically grounded tool to support overall metabolic health.

Show Notes/References:

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Cold Therapy & Metabolism, Metabolic Health Benefits of Ice Baths and Shivering

The Metabolic Classroom with Dr. Ben Bikman