This episode explores the impact of societal shifts on children's mental health, particularly focusing on the role of parental presence and attachment security in early childhood development. Against the backdrop of a rising mental health crisis among children, Erica Komisar, a parenting expert and psychoanalyst, challenges common myths about childcare, such as the benefits of daycare for socialization. More significantly, Komisar emphasizes the critical role of mothers in providing sensitive, empathic nurturing during the crucial 0-3 year period, while highlighting the distinct but equally important role of fathers in playful stimulation and emotional regulation. For instance, she cites studies on oxytocin and vasopressin hormones to explain the differing parental roles. The discussion pivots to the impact of societal changes, such as the rise of individualism and the increased participation of women in the workforce, on parental presence and children's well-being. Komisar argues that this has led to a rise in attachment disorders and mental health issues in children, emphasizing the need for parents to prioritize their children's needs and to seek help when necessary. What this means for society is a need for a reevaluation of parental roles and societal support systems to better support parents and promote children's mental health.