This episode of "Wine for Normal People" explains European wine classification systems. The host begins with a historical overview, tracing classifications back to medieval monks and highlighting key moments like the 1855 Bordeaux classification and the impact of phylloxera. She then details the EU's three-tiered system (table wine, PGI, PDO) and how individual countries (France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Austria) adapt or deviate from it, emphasizing the importance of terroir and regional traditions. For example, Italy's resistance to eliminating its DOCG classification despite EU pressure is discussed. Listeners gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and historical context behind European wine labels, improving their ability to navigate the wine world.