This podcast episode explores the nature of inner speech, the internal dialogue we have with ourselves. The hosts discuss various research studies categorizing inner speech types (dialogic, condensed, etc.) and its functions (motivation, self-regulation). They also examine the development of inner speech in children, referencing Vygotsky's work, and explore the implications of lacking inner speech, including potential memory impairments. A key takeaway is the existence of "efference copies," internal blueprints of speech that help us recognize our own thoughts and prevent self-startlement; impairments in this process are linked to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. The discussion concludes with listener mail and a discussion of Tony Paco's, a Toledo hot dog restaurant.