This Economist podcast delves into two key topics. First, it examines the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a formidable Hindu nationalist organization in India, highlighting its significant impact on the ruling BJP party and its strategies for recruiting and indoctrinating young members. Second, the discussion shifts to the Gulf states and their efforts to move beyond fossil fuels by investing in scientific research and innovation, with the hopes of sparking a new scientific golden age. While the influence of the RSS raises concerns, the Gulf states' initiatives present exciting possibilities, though they require a long-term commitment.