In this episode of the Econ 102 podcast, Erik Torenberg and Noah Smith dive into a range of economic and political topics. Smith emphasizes that the left must more vigorously critique its extreme factions to avoid alienating moderate voters. He also discusses how shifts in media consumption affect political messaging, highlighting the importance of clearly rejecting radical views. The conversation then moves to healthcare, where Smith argues that the anger aimed at health insurers is misdirected; the real culprits behind rising costs are hospitals and providers. He supports the idea of national health insurance to help manage these costs, though he recognizes the potential risks to innovation. Lastly, they explore long-term economic growth and population trends, stressing the need for technological advancements, especially in childcare, to tackle declining fertility rates.