This Roundtable discussion delves into the unexpected revival of canals within China's transportation network, even with its extensive high-speed rail system. While high-speed rail is the go-to for passenger travel, canals present a more affordable and eco-friendly option for moving cargo, especially in inland areas and for goods that don’t require quick delivery. The conversation highlights significant investments in building and upgrading canals, underscoring their vital role in boosting regional economies, promoting sustainable logistics, and enhancing existing transport systems. Additionally, the discussion touches on the historical importance of canals in China, contrasting the immense human toll of ancient construction with today’s methods and environmental considerations.