In the latest episode of the Android Developers Backstage podcast, the focus is on maintaining system health in Android, particularly the delicate balance between performance and battery life. Shai Barack, who heads the Android platform performance and system health team, shares insights on how they achieve this balance. His team makes direct contributions to the platform, educates and empowers other teams, and utilizes telemetry data, such as Perfetto traces, to analyze real-world usage patterns. The conversation delves into the challenges of optimizing for a wide range of hardware and app behaviors, underscoring the significance of tools like Perfetto and Compiler Explorer. These tools help both platform and app developers pinpoint performance bottlenecks and enhance system health. Additionally, new APIs introduced in Android 15 enable app developers to gather their own telemetry data while ensuring user privacy.