This lecture delves into Rousseau's "Discourse on the Arts and Sciences," where he argues that, despite their apparent benefits, advancements in art and science have actually corrupted society. Rousseau believes that the quest for knowledge and artistic expression, fueled by self-interest and pride, leads to division, weakens shared values, and promotes idleness. He compares the virtuous simplicity of Spartan society with the excesses of Athenian intellectualism, warning about the pitfalls of superficial enlightenment and the decline of community bonds due to rational inquiry. While he recognizes the intrinsic value of science and art, Rousseau advocates for a more measured approach, suggesting that we should limit their impact on society to maintain virtue and social unity. This perspective is particularly relevant today as we navigate the challenges of a technologically advanced 21st century, where the power of science calls for a fresh philosophical understanding.
