This podcast episode re-evaluates our understanding of human evolution, highlighting the intricate relationships between modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans, while challenging established models with new genetic insights. David Reich's discussions unveil the complex interplay of culture and genetics, stressing the impact of shared knowledge and adaptive changes on human history. The examination of "ghost populations," the role of female migration, and the resilience of cultural knowledge underscores a narrative rich with contingency and interconnectedness, provoking thought on the future of human research amidst ongoing discoveries that could reshape our grasp of who we are.