This podcast episode explores the complex nature of HDL (high-density lipoprotein), its role in cardiovascular health, and its potential implications for neurodegenerative diseases. It delves into the molecular biology of HDL, its structural differences with LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and the challenges of pharmacologically manipulating HDL levels. The episode also discusses the evolving understanding of HDL function, the limitations of HDL cholesterol as a sole marker, and the need for more robust measures of HDL activity. Additionally, it touches upon the emerging connection between HDL and brain health, highlighting the potential for HDL to play a role in neurodegenerative disorders.